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NEW QUESTION # 19
Which of the below technology(ies) could reduce CPU load and memory utilization used by an IPS engine?
- A. IPS does not compare traffic to each signature individually. Instead it compiles them into a decision tree
- B. All of the above
- C. Using regular instead of extended database, to reduce memory footprint
- D. Using IPS sensors and IPS filter to determine which traffic should be examined for which signatures, instead of examine network traffic for all signatures
- E. Using multiple engines, aligned with load balancing technologies like Turbo that uses round robin algorithms to dispatch traffic up to specific IPS engine
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
IPS efficiency is improved by: A) Compiling signatures into a decision tree to reduce comparison overhead; B) Using IPS sensors/filters to selectively apply signatures to relevant traffic, reducing unnecessary processing; D) Using a regular database instead of an extended one to lower memory usage. Option C's
"Turbo" and round-robin load balancing is not a standard Fortinet IPS feature. Option E is incorrect as C is not valid. Exact extract: "IPS efficiency is improved by compiling signatures into decision trees to minimize CPU usage... IPS sensors and filters allow selective signature application to reduce processing... Using the regular signature database instead of extended reduces memory footprint."
NEW QUESTION # 20
A firewall receives an out-of-order packet in a TCP session after the FIN/ACK and the packet is dropped as expected. What parameter can be changed to prevent such drops?
- A. TCP time-wait timer
- B. TCP close-wait timer
- C. Enable TCP option
- D. TCPMSS
Answer: A
Explanation:
Out-of-order packets after FIN/ACK indicate a packet arriving in the TIME_WAIT state, where the session is closing. The TCP time-wait timer controls how long the firewall keeps the session in the TIME_WAIT state to handle late packets. Increasing this timer allows the firewall to accept such packets instead of dropping them. Close-wait timer relates to a different state, TCPMSS affects packet size, and "Enable TCP option" is not a standard parameter. Exact extract: "The TCP time-wait timer determines how long a session remains in the TIME_WAIT state to handle out-of-order or retransmitted packets after FIN/ACK... Adjusting this timer can prevent drops of late-arriving packets."
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which FortiGate feature mitigates DDoS attacks by limiting the rate of incoming connections?
- A. Application Control
- B. DoS Policy
- C. IPS Signature
- D. Web Filtering
Answer: B
Explanation:
FortiGate's DoS (Denial of Service) Policy limits the rate of incoming connections or packets to mitigate DDoS attacks, such as SYN floods, by setting thresholds for specific traffic types. IPS Signatures (B) detect specific attack patterns, Application Control (C) manages app usage, and Web Filtering (D) blocks URLs, none of which focus on rate limiting. Exact extract: "DoS policies protect against DDoS attacks by limiting the rate of incoming connections or packets, such as SYN floods, based on configured thresholds."
NEW QUESTION # 22
Which term refers to the OSPF router that connects area 0 to a nonbackbone area?
- A. area border router
- B. autonomous system boundary router
- C. backbone router
- D. area boundary router
Answer: A
Explanation:
The standard term in OSPF for a router connecting the backbone area (Area 0) to a non-backbone area is "area border router" (ABR). It maintains separate LSDBs for each area and performs summarization. "Area boundary router" is similar but not the standard term; ASBR connects to external AS; backbone router is in Area 0. Exact extract: Go to Network > OSPF. Set Router ID to 10.11.101.1. In the Areas table, click Create New and set the following: Area ID. 0.0. Click OK. In the Networks ... A router connected to more than one area is an area border router (ABR). An autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) is located between an OSPF autonomous ... This article describes the basic steps to configure FortiGates in an OSPF scenario where the FortiGates will be ABR and ASBR OSPF routers across 3 areas. OSPF areas are groupings of OSPF routers or logical parts of a network. An area's routing information can be sent as a summary to other areas. This article describes that routes learned from the other OSPF areas will be removed on the ABR router when it has multiple areas and has no backbone ...
NEW QUESTION # 23
TCP protocol can be used for data delivery via multicast
- A. Yes
- B. No
Answer: B
Explanation:
TCP is a unicast, connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data delivery between two endpoints using sequence numbers and acknowledgments. Multicast, which sends data to multiple recipients, is supported by UDP, not TCP, due to TCP's requirement for a direct connection. Fortinet devices handle multicast traffic via UDP-based protocols like IGMP or PIM. Exact extract: "TCP is a unicast protocol that establishes a reliable connection between two devices... Multicast traffic, such as streaming or group communications, relies on UDP, as TCP does not support multicast delivery."
NEW QUESTION # 24
How many layers does the OSI Model contain?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. This framework is used in Fortinet documentation to explain protocol operations. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not match the standard OSI model.
Exact extract: "The OSI model defines seven layers for network communication: 1. Physical, 2. Data Link, 3.
Network, 4. Transport, 5. Session, 6. Presentation, 7. Application."
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which parts of the IKE protocol below are responsible for authenticating the User (username/password) of a dialup IPsec tunnel? (Check all correct answers)
- A. IKEv2 SA_INIT
- B. IKEv1 Xauth
- C. IKEv1 phase2
- D. IKEv1 phase1
- E. IKEv2 EAP
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
For user authentication in dialup IPsec, IKEv1 uses XAuth (Extended Authentication) after Phase 1 for username/password. IKEv2 uses EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) for similar user auth. Phase 1 and SA_INIT are for peer auth, Phase 2 for child SA negotiation. Exact extract: XAuth increases security by requiring remote dialup client users to authenticate in a separate exchange at the end of phase 1. IPsec IKEv2 VPNs now support certificate authentication and EAP authentication at the same time from a dialup FortiClient. With the eap-cert-auth setting ... IPsec IKEv2 VPNs now support certificate authentication and EAP authentication at the same time from a dialup FortiClient. IPsec IKEv1 uses XAUTH for user authentication, and IPsec IKEv2 uses EAP for user authentication. Only EAP-TTLS is interoperable with LDAP. For LDAP based user ... In your scenario, the user cannot authenticate by providing both a PSK and their credentials (using one of multiple EAP methods).
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which statement is true about IPsec VPNs and SSL VPNs?
- A. SSL VPN creates a HTTPS connection. IPsec does not
- B. Both SSL VPNs and IPsec VPNs are standard protocols
- C. All of the above
- D. Either a SSL VPN or an IPsec VPN can be established between an end-user workstation and a FortiGate device
Answer: C
Explanation:
Both SSL VPN and IPsec VPN are standard protocols supported by FortiGate devices for secure remote access. SSL VPN typically uses HTTPS (TCP port 443) for encrypted communication, while IPsec uses protocols like IKE and ESP. Both can be configured between an end-user workstation (e.g., via FortiClient) and a FortiGate device, supporting various authentication methods. All options are correct, making D the correct answer. Exact extract: "SSL VPN technology uses the standard SSL/TLS protocol to provide a secure connection to the FortiGate unit. The FortiGate SSL VPN can be configured to use HTTPS..." and "IPsec VPNs use standardized protocols like IKE and ESP to create secure tunnels... FortiClient supports both IPsec and SSL VPN connections to FortiGate devices for remote access."
NEW QUESTION # 27
In Active FTP who sends the PORT command?
- A. The FTP Server
- B. Both
- C. The FTP Client
- D. There is no PORT command in Active FTP
Answer: C
Explanation:
In Active FTP, the client sends the PORT command to the server, specifying an ephemeral port for the server to initiate the data connection back to the client. This distinguishes Active FTP from Passive FTP, where the server provides the port. The server does not send PORT, and the command is a key part of Active FTP. Exact extract: "In Active FTP, the client sends a PORT command to the server, specifying the IP address and port number for the data connection... The server then initiates the data connection to the client's specified port."
NEW QUESTION # 28
What is the role of the FortiGate 'set srcintf' command in a firewall policy?
- A. Specifies the source interface for traffic matching
- B. Sets the source IP address range
- C. Defines the destination interface for traffic
- D. Configures the source NAT interface
Answer: A
Explanation:
The 'set srcintf' command in a FortiGate firewall policy specifies the source interface from which traffic originates, helping define the policy's scope. It does not set the destination interface (B), source IP range (C), or NAT interface (D). Exact extract: "The 'set srcintf' command in a firewall policy specifies the source interface for incoming traffic, allowing FortiGate to match packets based on their entry interface."
NEW QUESTION # 29
In Active FTP who sends the PORT command?
- A. The FTP Server
- B. Both
- C. The FTP Client
- D. There is no PORT command in Active FTP
Answer: C
Explanation:
In Active FTP, the client sends the PORT command to the server, specifying an ephemeral port for the server to initiate the data connection back to the client. This distinguishes Active FTP from Passive FTP, where the server provides the port. The server does not send PORT, and the command is a key part of Active FTP. Exact extract: "In Active FTP, the client sends a PORT command to the server, specifying the IP address and port number for the data connection... The server then initiates the data connection to the client's specified port."
NEW QUESTION # 30
Client is connected to firewall via link with MTU 1500 bytes, server is connected to firewall via link with MTU 1496 bytes. The firewall is rewriting both sender and receiver tcp-mss to 1450 bytes. What maximum size of IP packets are we going to see when client connects to server?
- A. 1500 bytes
- B. 1496 bits
- C. 1500 bits
- D. 1450 bits
- E. 1496 bytes
- F. 1450 bytes
Answer: F
Explanation:
The TCP MSS (Maximum Segment Size) defines the maximum TCP payload size, excluding headers. When the firewall sets MSS to 1450 bytes, the TCP segment size is limited to this value. For IP packets, the total size includes the TCP header (20 bytes) and IP header (20 bytes), so 1450 (MSS) + 20 (TCP) + 20 (IP) = 1490 bytes, which fits within both link MTUs (1500 and 1496 bytes). Thus, the maximum IP packet size is not limited by the link MTUs but by the MSS, adjusted for headers. Options C and F (bits) are incorrect units; A and B exceed the MSS limit. Exact extract: "The TCP MSS is adjusted to prevent fragmentation... FortiGate can rewrite the MSS in TCP SYN packets to ensure the total IP packet size (including IP and TCP headers) does not exceed the configured value."
NEW QUESTION # 31
In FortiGate, what is the purpose of the 'set webfilter-profile' command in a firewall policy?
- A. Enables deep packet inspection for web traffic
- B. Sets the web server authentication profile
- C. Configures the web proxy settings
- D. Applies a web filtering profile to block or allow URLs
Answer: D
Explanation:
The 'set webfilter-profile' command applies a web filtering profile to a firewall policy, enabling URL blocking or allowing based on categories or specific URLs. It does not enable DPI (B), configure proxies (C), or set authentication (D). Exact extract: "The 'set webfilter-profile' command applies a web filtering profile to a firewall policy, controlling access to websites based on URL categories or specific URLs."
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which of the following are request methods in HTTP?
- A. HEAD
- B. LIST
- C. GET
- D. RETR
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
HTTP defines standard request methods, including GET (retrieve a resource) and HEAD (retrieve headers only). LIST and RETR are not standard HTTP methods; RETR is used in FTP, and LIST is not a recognized method in either protocol. The original document incorrectly lists only A, omitting C. Exact extract: "HTTP supports several request methods, including GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc... GET retrieves a resource, while HEAD retrieves only the headers without the body content."
NEW QUESTION # 33
What happens when a FortiGate's CPU enters conserve mode?
- A. All traffic is blocked
- B. Routing protocols are disabled
- C. Proxy-based inspection is disabled
- D. New sessions are dropped
Answer: C
Explanation:
When a FortiGate's CPU enters conserve mode due to high load, proxy-based inspection (e.g., web filtering, DLP) is disabled to reduce resource usage, while flow-based inspection continues. Traffic isn't fully blocked (A), new sessions may still be processed (C), and routing protocols (D) are unaffected. Exact extract: "In conserve mode, FortiGate disables proxy-based inspection to reduce CPU and memory load, switching to flow-based inspection to maintain performance."
NEW QUESTION # 34
A Company is running an outdated version of a Webserver software that is vulnerable to multiple code execution and injection attacks. Which Security feature can protect the Webserver until the security patches are applied?
- A. Anti rootkit Protection
- B. Intrusion Detection System
- C. Anti-virus Protection
- D. Intrusion Prevention System
Answer: D
Explanation:
An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) actively blocks malicious traffic, such as code execution or injection attacks, by matching against known signatures or anomalies, protecting the webserver until patches are applied. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) only detects and alerts, not blocks. Anti-virus and anti-rootkit are less effective for web-based attacks. The original document's answer B is incorrect, as IDS does not prevent attacks. Exact extract: "IPS provides active protection by blocking malicious traffic based on signatures or anomaly detection... Unlike IDS, which only detects and alerts, IPS can drop packets to prevent attacks like code execution or SQL injection."
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which FortiGate feature allows for policy-based routing?
- A. SD-WAN Rules
- B. Dynamic Routes
- C. Static Routes
- D. Policy Routes
Answer: D
Explanation:
Policy Routes in FortiGate allow routing decisions based on criteria like source, destination, or service, overriding the default routing table. SD-WAN Rules (A) are for WAN optimization, Static Routes (C) are fixed, and Dynamic Routes (D) are protocol-based, not policy-based. Exact extract: "Policy Routes allow FortiGate to make routing decisions based on user-defined criteria, such as source/destination IPs or services, overriding standard routing."
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of these BGP paths will be the preferred one ?
- A. Prefer the path with the shortest AS Path
- B. Prefer the path with the lowest Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED)
- C. Prefer External path (learned via EBGP) over Internal path (IBGP)
- D. Prefer the path with the highest Local Preference value
Answer: D
Explanation:
BGP path selection follows a specific order of attributes to determine the best path. The process prefers the path with the highest local preference first, as it is one of the earliest steps in the decision process. Local preference is used within an AS to influence outbound traffic. Only if local preferences are equal does it move to the next criteria, such as shortest AS path. The AS path length is considered after local preference, MED after that, and eBGP over iBGP even later. Therefore, among the options, the highest local preference (D) is the most preferred criterion. The original document's answer B is incorrect based on standard BGP selection rules implemented in Fortinet. Exact extract: This article describes the BGP route selection process. Scope FortiGate. Solution Consider only routes with no AS loops and a valid next hop. BGP makes routing decisions based on path, network policies and rulesets ... select the route with the lowest router ID as the best path. Network. Type. To achieve this, multiple route selection techniques can be used. Some are protocol- agnostic (for example, weight) and others are protocol-specific (for example ...).
NEW QUESTION # 37
Hybrid cloud means that
- A. The cloud provider uses AMD, Intel and possibly also other CPU vendors
- B. Cloud provider provides both 32-bit and 64-bit virtual machines
- C. Some of the customer's systems are virtualized in the public cloud and some are in the local datacenter
- D. One customer uses VMs with multiple different operating systems in the same cloud account
Answer: C
Explanation:
A hybrid cloud combines on-premises infrastructure (local datacenter) with public cloud resources, allowing workloads to operate across both environments for flexibility and scalability. Fortinet solutions like FortiGate- VM support hybrid cloud deployments. Option A refers to hardware diversity, C to OS variety, and D to architecture types, none of which define hybrid cloud. Exact extract: "Hybrid cloud is the combination of public cloud services with an on-premises private cloud or datacenter... This allows customers to run some systems in the public cloud and others in their local datacenter, managed seamlessly."
NEW QUESTION # 38
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